Password Managers
European password managers with end-to-end encryption. Credentials stay under user control and not with US corporations.
LastPass Hack and CLOUD Act: Why US Password Managers are Risky
LastPass was hacked in 2022; encrypted password vaults were stolen. 1Password, LastPass and Dashlane are additionally subject to the CLOUD Act, which allows US authorities access. European providers are not subject to this law.
Quick Switch
Which US service do you want to move away from?
All Providers in Detail
European password managers with Zero-Knowledge architecture and GDPR compliant data handling.
Proton Pass
End-to-end encrypted password manager from Switzerland
- End-to-end encryption including metadata (URLs, usernames)
- Integrated 2FA authenticator
- Open source and independently audited
- Integrated hide-my-email alias service
Passbolt
OpenPGP-based team password manager from Luxembourg
- OpenPGP encryption (RFC 4880)
- Designed specifically for team collaboration
- Self-hosted or cloud option
- Granular access rights per user/group
Vaultwarden
Self-hosted Bitwarden-compatible password manager written in Rust
- Compatible with all official Bitwarden apps (iOS, Android, browser, desktop)
- AGPL-3.0 licensed, fully open source
- Supports 2FA: TOTP, FIDO2/WebAuthn, YubiKey, Duo
- Organization features: collections, groups, event logs
heylogin
Password manager with hardware-based encryption from Germany
- Login without a master password, biometric via smartphone
- Hardware-backed 2FA via FIDO2, Touch ID and Windows Hello
- Browser extensions for Chrome, Safari, Firefox and Edge
- TOTP autofill, audit logs and breach monitoring (Pwnitoring)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between Proton Pass and Passbolt?
Proton Pass targets individuals and additionally encrypts metadata (URLs, usernames). Passbolt is designed for teams with granular access rights and OpenPGP encryption. Both are open source.
What does a password manager offer over self-chosen passwords?
With a password manager, each account uses a unique, long password. This avoids password reuse and simplifies the creation of random passwords that do not need to be memorised.
What happens if the provider gets hacked (like LastPass)?
With Zero-Knowledge providers like Proton Pass, all stored data is encrypted, only you have the key. Even if servers are compromised, the data is unreadable to attackers (as long as your master password is strong).
Can I migrate my LastPass data to a European provider?
Yes, all major password managers allow importing from LastPass and other services. Vaultwarden is fully Bitwarden-compatible. The switch usually takes less than 10 minutes.